Cable Popular Science Series--Structure and Composition of Submarine Cables

Cable definition and introduction

A submarine cable is a type of cable that lies at the bottom of the sea wrapped in insulation. It is mainly divided into submarine power cable and submarine communication cable.

Subsea cables first appeared and were used between Britain and France in 1850. With the rapid development of The Times, the material of the submarine cable is also being updated.

The current submarine cable's material is optical fiber, used to transmit telephone and Internet information. Optical guide fiber is a kind of fiber made of glass or plastic, which is a new type of transmission medium.



Composition of the submarine cables

The submarine cable is a complex cable, fourteen components of which are

1Conductor 2. Conductor shield 3. Insulation layer 4. Insulation shield 5. Semi-conductive resistance water band 6. Metal shielding

7.Copper belt 8. Water resistance belt 9.PE sheath 10. OP light unit 11. PE fill strip 12. PP rope 13. Steel wire armor

14. PP rope

● Conductors

Conductors are used to carry the current, and its main raw material is copper or aluminum. The main types are: solid conductor, twisted conductor, divided conductor, and type line conductor. The unused conductor type corresponds to a different usage content.

● Conductor shielding

The conductor shielding is a semi-conductive material formed in the form of squeezing to eliminate the concentration of electric field on the conductor surface

It effectively prevent the gap of the conductor and insulating layer.

● Insulation

Insulation material is generally PE XLPE and PVC, but because of the particularity of the submarine cable, and the corrosion of the sea water, so the insulation material of the submarine cable is generally the best performance of XLPE. Insulation is designed to provide an effective barrier to the potential difference.

● Insulation and shielding

Insulation shielding and conductor shielding materials are not very different. Its role is mainly a uniform electric field to prevent local discharge between the insulating layer and the metal shielding.

● Semi-conductive resistance water belt

The effect of this water resistance belt is to protect the insulation. Avoid the influence of moisture, reduce the insulation strength.

● Metal shielding

Metal shielding is mainly for electromagnetic shielding, so that the internal and external electromagnetic does not interfere with each other.

● Copper belt

The copper belt is designed to enhance the mechanical strength of submarine cables and better withstand submarine pressure protection cables

● PE sheath

In fact, it is the inner sheath, protect the cable inside, prevent the cable from damp, receive mechanical damage and chemical erosion.

● Filler

Make the cables more complete and effectively reduce the cable costs

● Steel wire armor

Located on the cable sheath to protect the cable from mechanical damage.    

● Outer sheath

Protect the armor from chemical corrosion, located at the outermost layer of the cable

                                                                    KEEP READING

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